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James Gordon Bennett, Jr. (May 10, 1841 – May 14, 1918) was publisher of the ''New York Herald'', founded by his father, James Gordon Bennett, Sr., who emigrated from Scotland. He was generally known as Gordon Bennett to distinguish him from his father.〔 Among his many sports-related accomplishments he organized both the first polo match and the first tennis match in the United States, and he personally won the first trans-oceanic yacht race. He sponsored explorers including Henry Morton Stanley's trip to Africa to find David Livingstone, and the ill-fated USS ''Jeannette'' attempt on the North Pole. ==Biography== Bennett was educated primarily in France. In 1866, the elder Bennett turned control of the ''Herald'' over to him. Bennett raised the paper's profile on the world stage when he provided the financial backing for the 1869 expedition by Henry Morton Stanley into Africa to find David Livingstone in exchange for the ''Herald'' having the exclusive account of Stanley's progress. Bennett, like many of his social class, indulged in the "good life": yachts, opulent private railroad cars, and lavish mansions. He was the youngest Commodore ever of the New York Yacht Club. In 1861, Bennett volunteered his newly built schooner yacht, ''Henrietta'', for the U.S. Revenue Marine Service during the Civil War. At the same time, Bennett was commissioned as a third lieutenant in the Revenue Marine Service (equivalent to an ensign in the U.S. Navy) and assigned to the U.S. Marine Revenue schooner ''Henrietta'' (the yacht he had loaned to the U.S. Government) beginning in June 1861. She patrolled Long Island until February 1862 when she was sent to Port Royal, South Carolina. On March 3, 1862, Bennett commanded the ''Henrietta'' as part of the fleet which captured Fernandina, Florida. Bennett and the ''Henrietta'' returned to civilian life in New York in May 1862.〔(Department of the Navy, Navy Historical Center, "James Gordon Bennett, Jr. (1841-1918)" )〕〔("Schooner Yacht ''Henrietta'' (1861)" ), Department of the Navy, Naval Historical Center, 〕 In 1866, he won the first trans-oceanic yacht race. The race was between three American yachts, the ''Vesta'', the ''Fleetwing'' and the ''Henrietta''. They started off of Sandy Hook, New Jersey, on 11 December 1866 amid high westerly winds and raced to The Needles, the furthest westerly point on the Isle of Wight, famous for its lighthouse. Bennett's ''Henrietta'' won with a time of 13 days, 21 hours, 55 minutes.〔Greeley, Horace (1895) ''The Tribune Almanac and Political Register'' Tribune Association, New York, 7(1): (p. 252 ), 〕〔Thompson, Winfield M. and Lawson, Thomas William (1902) ''The Lawson History of the America's Cup'', Boston, Massachusetts (p. 46 ), 〕 However, he often scandalized society with his flamboyant and sometimes erratic behavior. In 1877, he left New York for Europe after an incident that ended his engagement to socialite Caroline May. According to various accounts, he arrived late and drunk to a party at the May family mansion, then urinated into a fireplace (some say grand piano) in full view of his hosts.〔("Gordon Bennett: A puzzling British exclamation" ) ''World Wide Words''〕〔Homberger, Eric (2002) ''Mrs. Astor's New York: Money and Social Power in a Gilded Age'' Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, (page 13 ), ISBN 0-300-10515-0〕〔("Britain's first international motor race" ) ''Who? What? Where? When? Why? on the World Wide Web''〕〔Wallace, David Rains (1999) ''The Bonehunters' Revenge: Dinosaurs, Greed, and the Greatest Scientific Feud of the Gilded Age'' Houghton Mifflin, Boston, (page 5 ), ISBN 0-395-85089-4〕 Bennett's controversial reputation has been thought to have inspired, in the United Kingdom, the phrase "Gordon Bennett" as an expression of incredulity.〔 He entertained guests aboard his steam-yacht "Namouna." American expatriate artist Julius LeBlanc Stewart painted several works set on the yacht. Settling in Paris, he launched the Paris edition of the ''New York Herald'', named ''The Paris Herald'', the forerunner of the ''International Herald Tribune''. He backed George W. DeLong's voyage to the North Pole on the USS ''Jeannette'' via the Bering Strait. The ill-fated expedition led to the deaths from starvation of DeLong and 19 of his crew, a tragedy that only increased the paper's circulation. He was a co-founder of the Commercial Cable Company, a venture to break the Transatlantic cable monopoly held by Jay Gould. Bennett returned to the United States and organized the first polo match in the United States at Dickel's Riding Academy at 39th Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City. He would help found the Westchester Polo Club in 1876, the first polo club in America. He established the ''Gordon Bennett Cup'' for international yachting and the Gordon Bennett Cup for automobile races.〔 In 1906, he funded the Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning (''Coupe Aéronautique Gordon Bennett''), which continues to this day. In 1909, Bennett offered a trophy for the fastest speed on a closed circuit for airplanes. The 1909 race in Rheims, France was won by Glenn Curtiss for two circuits of a 10 km rectangular course at an average speed of 46.5 miles per hour (74.8 km/h). From 1896 to 1914, the champion of Paris, USFSA football (soccer), received a trophy offered by Gordon Bennett. He did not marry until he was 73. His wife was Maud Potter, widow of George de Reuter, son of Julius Paul Reuter, founder of Reuters news agency. He died on May 14, 1918 in Beaulieu-sur-Mer, Alpes-Maritimes, France. Bennett is buried at the Cimetière de Passy. Asteroid 305 Gordonia is named after him. He also has a street named for him near Chopin Airport in Warsaw, Poland.〔(Ulica Jamesa Gordona Bennetta ) ''Warszawa - oficjalny portal stolicy Polski''〕 The ''Avenue Gordon Bennett'' in Paris, with Stade de Roland Garros site of the French Open, is named after his father.〔(Invisible Paris ): see street sign〕 File:Julius LeBlanc Stewart - On the Yacht„Namouna“, Venice.jpg|Wadsworth Atheneum ''On the Yacht "Namouna", Venice'' (1890), by Stewart. Bennett is the man in the white suit, center left. Lillie Langtry is the seated woman, right. File:Stewart yachting.jpg|''Yachting on the Mediterranean'' (1896), by Stewart. Image:CoupeGordonBennet1906.jpg|The 1906 Gordon Bennett Cup in Ballooning. File:Bennet 5285332007 5a1b05f599 o.jpg|James Gordon Bennett, Jr., c. 1910-15. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Gordon Bennett, Jr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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